VO 501.054/UE 501.096: Introduction to AI
(WS 2011/12)

Organisational matters

• News
   

  2012-03-13:

  • Date of Second Exam: Friday, 2012-03-23 (please follow the link for further details)

  2011-12-13:

  • Updated versions of the handouts on Problem Solving and Search and the Debriefing notes to Exercise 8 have been readied after today's unit. In the handouts, the presentation of depth-first search is now consistent with the use of a LIFO (depicted in the form of a stack alongside the search tree); please notice that the graphics and discussion of iterative deepening search on slides 72ff. were not updated (there is no conceptual difference, the "far right" leaf case referred to on slide 80 would need to be replaced by a "far left" leaf).

  2011-12-09:

  • Based on the result of the poll, and given that we have made up sufficient time, class now starts at 10:15 rather than 10:00 (please do show up on time!).

  20111108:

  • Time is almost up for co-registering with the Medical University and for registering for the course (VO/UE) on Med.Campus!

  20111025:

  • AAAI News: John McCarthy died 2011-10-25 in Palo Alto, CA.

  20111011:

  • All participants to the UE should have received access credentials (or instructions how to retrieve them) by email.
  • Submission of exercises now is through the moodle only.

  20111003:

  • Location of the first unit: Seminar Room at OFAI1

  20111003:

  • Web site online.
    Please study the important notices and report any questions or issues, via email to: intro-ai-2011 (AT( ofai.at or at the first course unit.

   

• Important Notices
  • All students are required to co-register with the Medical University

    See: "MUW:Mitbelegung" (there is short information in English at the very bottom of that page)

    Hard deadline: Monday, November 30, 2011

  • Online-registration for the course is only possible after co-registration with the Medical University (see previous item)

    Please use your student identification/login to register with Med.Campus.

  • Access to materials offered on this web site:

    Access information for materials published via this webpage will be sent to registered students (see previous item).

    Please note that credentials for access to the materials offered via this website are sent by default to the email addresses of registered participants with the Medical University of Vienna (i.e., typically: n<immatriculation number>@students.meduniwien.ac.at).

    If you want/need to obtain access to the materials for this course but cannot (yet) register with Med.Campus, please send a personal application for permission that should state:

    • Full name of applicant
    • Affiliation of applicant
    • "Studienkennzahl", and immatriculation number ("Matrikelnummer")

    Please address such requests to: intro-ai-2011 (AT( ofai.at.

  • Submission of exercises:
    • Written exercises may be submitted through upload on the moodle site only.
    • The only accepted file formats are plain text or PDF.
    • Each submitted file should be named: AI2011.##.Surname.pdf or AI2011.##.Surname.txt, where ## is the number of the exercise.
    • Pages of PDF files should be numbered.
    • The first page should carry the following header:
      "IntroAI2011", number of exercise, full name, MNR (Matrikelnummer = immatriculation number), date.
    • The deadline for submission of exercises usually is Friday noon of the same week.
    • Please inform me of any difficulties in submitting an exercise on time before the related deadline:
      each exercise is otherwise considered closed with the deadline and will be scored accordingly.

Materials

Course Log and Presentation Materials

Further materials will be made available in due course.

2011-10-04: Preparatory meeting and first unit

• Location: Seminar room at OFAI1! (third floor, no elevator)
  How to get to OFAI1
• Logistics
  • Confirmation of dates of course
  • Organisational matters
  • Overview of course modalities and content
• Introduction: The orgins and scope of modern Artificial Intelligence, Approaches to defining AI, Rationality
  • The material on this webpage
  • AI@50
  • Presentation Slides: PDF (170 KiB)
  • Background Literature: [Turing 2008 (commented version of Turing 1950); McCarthy et al. 1955, Moor 2006, Brachman 2006, Hedberg 2006]

 

• First Exercise, due Friday 2011-10-07, 12:00:
  • See the definition on the OFAI Moodle

 

2011-10-11: Intelligent Agents (AIMA Chapter 2)

• Debriefing (PDF, 101KiB) of the first exercise
• Presentation Slides: PDF (286KiB)
• Second Exercise, due Friday 2011-10-14, 12:00:
  • See the definition on the OFAI Moodle

 

2011-10-18: Rationality, Environments, Agent Architectures

• Debriefing (PDF, 46KiB) of the second exercise
• Presentation Slides: see 2011-10-11
• Third Exercise, due Friday 2011-10-21, 12:00
  • See the definition on the OFAI Moodle

 

2011-10-25: Agent Types

• Debriefing (PDF, 124KiB) of the third exercise
• Presentation Slides: PDF (1.5 MiB)
• Fourth Exercise due Friday 2011-11-04, 12:00.
  • See the definition on the OFAI Moodle

 

2011-11-08: Agent Types, Respresentations, Problem Solving Agents

• Debriefing (PDF, 71KiB) of the fourth exercise (corrected 2011-11-08, see end of file for documentation of changes))
• Presentation Slides:
  • Agent Types, Representations: See 2011-10-25
  • Problem Solving and Search (PDF, 773KiB)
  • Problem Solving and Search (PDF, 419KiB), Updated 2011-12-13, see the related News entry.
• Fifth Exercise due Friday 2011-11-11, 12:00.

 

2011-11-15: Problem Types and Problem Definitions

• Debriefing (PDF, 48KiB) of the fifth exercise
• Presentation Slides:
  • See 2011-11-08
• Sixth Exercise due Friday, 2011-11-18, 12:00.

 

2011-11-22: Problem Definitions

• Extended Debriefing (PDF, 52KiB) of the sixth exercise
• Seventh Exercise due Friday, 2011-12-02, 12:00.

 

2011-12-06: Uninformed Search

• Fixed debriefing (PDF, 74KiB) of the seventh exercise
• Eighth Exercise due Friday, 2011-12-09, 12:00.
• Presentation Slides:
  • See 2011-11-08

 

2011-12-13: Uninformed and Informed Search

• Debriefing (PDF, 8KiB) of the eighth exercise (updated with some additional explanations after today's unit)
  • Input file (XML, 4KiB) for the AIspace Search applet
    • AIspace search uses the term "Lowest cost first" for the uniform-cost search algorithm.
    • The "Lowest cost first" variant implemented here sorts frontier elements by path cost (primary criterio, as in uniform cost search) and number of path steps (instead of alphabetical order, as in the exercise)
• Ninth Exercise due Monday, 2011-12-19, 12:00.
• Presentation Slides:
  • Uninformed Search: See 2011-11-08
  • Informed Search: PDF (251KiB)

 

2011-12-20: Informed Search (continued)

• Debriefing (PDF, 7KiB) of the ninth exercise
• Presentation Slides:
  • Informed search: see 2011-12-13 (Informed Search)

 

2012-01-10: Informed Search (wrap-up); Logical Agents

• Debriefing (PDF, 7KiB) of the tenth exercise
• Presentation Slides:
  • Informed search: see 2011-12-13
  • Logical Agents (part 1): PDF (256KiB)

 

2012-01-17: Logical Agents: Model Checking and Propositional Logic

• Debriefing (PDF, 53KiB) of the eleventh exercise
• Presentation Slides:
  • Logical Agents (part 2): PDF (336KiB)

 

2012-01-24: Logical Agents: Propositional Logic and Inference Algorithms

• Debriefing (PDF, 7KiB) of the twelfth exercise
• Presentation Slides:
  • Logical Agents (part 2): see 2012-01-17

 

 

2012-01-31: First Exam (10:00-12:00)

Location: Seminar Room, IAI

Written exam, no use of materials allowed (bring a non-erasable pen and your Student ID!)

Compulsory Registration via Med.Campus!

 

 

2012-03-23 (Friday): Second Exam (10:00-12:00)

Location: Seminar Room IAI, Freyung 6/2, second floor. (confirmed)

Written exam, no use of materials allowed (bring a non-erasable blue or black pen and your Student ID!)

Compulsory Registration via Med.Campus!

 

Background Literature (local copies)

Please note that many of these works are protected by copyrights and are made available for purposes related to the present course only!
(Please see Organisational matters for how to apply for access permission).

• Brachman R.J.:
  (AA)AI - More Than The Sum of Its Parts,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):19-34, 2006.
  (PDF (412 KiB))

• Bradshaw J.M.:
  Introduction
  in: Bradshaw J.M.(ed.): Software Agents, AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, 3-46, 1997.
  (PDF (gzip, 179KB))

• Braitenberg V. (1984).
  Vehicles. Cambridge MA:MIT Press, 1984.
  (PDF of selected chapters (19MB))

• Friedman B., Nissenbaum H.:
  Software Agents and User Autonomy
  Johnson W.L. (ed.) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp.466-469, ACM Press, New York, NY, 1997.
  (PDF (728KiB))

• Gat E.:
  On Three-Layer Architectures.
  in: Kortenkamp D., Bonasso R.P., Murphy R. (eds.):
  Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots, MIT/AAAI Press, 1997.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 614KB), PostScript (gzip, 615KB))

• Georgeff M., Pell B., Pollack M., Tambe M., Wooldridge M.J.:
  The Belief-Desire-Intention Model of Agency
  in: Müller J.P., Singh M.P., Rao A.S. (eds.):
  Intelligent Agents V. Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages, 5th International Workshop, ATAL'98, Paris, France, July 4-7, 1998, Proceedings, LNAI 1555, Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg, 1999.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 152KB), PostScript (157KB))

• Gerken C.:
  Braitenberg Vehicles: Networks on Wheels, Apex, NC, 1998.
  (HTML, lokale Kopie (mit ausgebesserten Verweisen), HTML als ZIP Archiv (260KB), Originalseite)

• Gilbert D., Aparicio M., Atkinson B., Brady S., Ciccarino J., Grosof B., O'Connor P., Osisek D., Pritko S., Spagna R., Wilson L.:
  The Role of Intelligent Agents in the Information Infrastructure
  Technical Report, IBM, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Hedberg S.R.:
  AAAI's National and Innovative Applications Conferences Celebrate 50 Years of AI,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4), pp.103-110, 2006.
  (PDF (436 KiB))

• Hogg D.W., Martin F., Resnick M.:
  Braitenberg Creatures,
  Epistemology and Learning Memo #13, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge MA USA, 2001.
  (PDF (376KB))

• Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.:
  Applications of Intelligent Agents
  in: Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.J. (eds.):
  Agent Technology: Foundations, Applications, and Markets,
  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1998.
  (PDF (109KiB))

• Johnson W.L.:
  Pedagogical Agent Research at CARTE,
  AI Magazine, 22(4/Winter):85-94, 2001.
  (PDF (1.3MB))

• Jordan M.I., Russell S.:
  Computational Intelligence,
  in Wilson R.A., Keil F.C. (eds.), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences,
  MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge/London, lxxiii-xc, 1999.
  (PDF (124 KB))

• Kotz D., Gray R.S.:
  Mobile Agents and the Future of the Internet
  in: ACM Operating Systems Review 33(3):7-13, August, 1999.
  (PDF (104KiB))

• Laplante P.,Hoffman R.R., Klein G.:
  Antipatterns in the creation of intelligent systems
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(1):91-95, 2007.
  (PDF (195KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007a):
  A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence.
  Technical Report IDSIA-07-07, Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Lugano and Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland, 2007.
  Published in: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 157:17-24, 2007. (PDF (120KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007b):
  Tests of Machine Intelligence
  in: M. Lungarella et al. (Eds.): 50 Years of AI, Festschrift,
  LNAI 4850, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 232-242, 2007.
  (PDF (332KB))

• Lesser V.R.:
  Reflections on the Nature of Multi-Agent Coordination and Its Implications for an Agent Architecture.
  Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1(1):89-111, 1998.
  (PDF (128KiB))

• Lester J.:
  Introduction to the Special Issue on Intelligent User Interfaces.
  AI Magazine 22(4):13-14, 2001.
  (PDF (24KB))

• Lewis M.:
  Designing for Human-Agent Interaction.
  AI Magazine 19(2):67-78, 1998.
  (PDF (92KB))

• Liebermann H., Maulsby D.:
  Instructible agents: Software that just keeps getting better
  IBM Systems Journal, 35:3&4:539-556, 1996.
  (PDF (gzip, 1MB))

• Luger G.F.:
  AI: Early History and Applications,
  in: Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving,
  6th Edition, pp.3-33, Addison-Wesley, 2008.
  (PDF (154 KB))

• Maes P.:
  Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload
  in: Communications of the ACM, 37(7):30-40,146, 1994.
  (HTML als zip Archiv (2.8MB), PDF (Originalartikel, 4.3MB))

• Marr, D.:
  Vision, W.H.Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1982 (re-issued 2010 by MIT Press).
  (PDF of Chapter 1 (3MB))

• McCarthy J., Minsky M.L., Rochester N., Shannon C.E.:
  A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):12-14, 2006.
  (PDF (196 KiB))

• Moor J.:
  The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):87-91, 2006.
  (PDF (460 KiB))

• Nilsson N.J.:
  Teleo-Reactive Programs and the Triple-Tower Architecture,
  Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5, Section B, pp. 99-110, 2001.
  http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/etai/2001/006/,
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 133KB), PostScript (gzip, 133KB), PDF (317KB))

• Nwana H.S.:
  Software Agents: An Overview
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 11(3):205-244, 1996.
  (PDF (156KiB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  An Introduction to Agent Technology
  BT Technology Journal 14(4):55-67, 1996.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 259KB), PostScript (gzip, 262KB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  A Perspective on Software Agents Research
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 14(2):1-18, 1999.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 344KB), PostScript (gzip, 344KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Go to the Ant": Engineering Principles from Natural Multi-Agent Systems.
  Annals of Operations Research, Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Management Science, 75:69-101, 1997.
  (PDF (159KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Agents-While-You-Wait"
  Tutorial at PAAM'99
  (Presentation slides (PDF): Tutorial Agenda (80KB), Self-Organizing Behavior: Principles of self-organizing systems (1488KB), The What and Why of Agents: Definitions and Motivations (1864KB), The How of Agents: Architectural alternatives and design decisions (1717KB))

• Poole D., Mackworth A.:
  Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents,
  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne, 2010.
  (Official online HTML version of the book)

• Russell S.J., Norvig P.:
  Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2010.
  (AIMA: Web site for the text book)

• Sowa J.F.:
  Fads and fallacies about logic
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(2):84-87, 2007.
  (PDF (442KB))

• Steels L.:
  Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(3):32-38, 2006.
  (PDF (540KB))

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence
  Mind, New Series, Oxford University Press, London/Oxford/New York, 59(236):433-460, 1950.
  (PDF (712KiB), see also Turing 2008)

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence (with comments by Kenneth Ford, Clark Glymour, Pat Hayes, Stevan Harnad, Ayse Pinar Sygin).
  in: Epstein R., Roberts G., Beber G. (eds.): Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer,
  Springer Science+Business Media B.V., The Netherlands,
  Chapter 3, 23-66, 2008.
  (PDF of the chapter (852KiB),
    front matter of the book (includes foreword by Daniel Dennett), PDF (156KiB),
    see also: Turing 1950)

• Wang, P.,
  What Do You Mean by "AI"?,
  in: Wang, P., Goertzel, B., Franklin S. (eds.): Artificial General Intelligence 2008,
  Proceedings of the First AGI Conference, AGI 2008, March 1-3, 2008, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 171, pp. 362-373, IOS Press, 2008.
  (PDF (85KiB))

• Weld D., Etzioni O.:
  The First Law of Robotics (a call to arms)
  Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (AAAI'94), Vol.2, 1042-1047, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 1994.
  (PDF (196KiB))

• White J.:
  Mobile Agents White Paper
  (General Magic, Inc., 1996)
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Wooldridge M., Jennings N.:
  Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice
  in: The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10(2):115-152, 1995.
  (PDF (264KiB))

Other Relevant Web Sites

Suggestions for additions, corrections, and comments are always welcome!

• AAAI AI Topics
• BUBL Link: Artificial Intelligence
• arXiv.org open access: Artificial Intelligence/recent submissions
• ACM SIGART (ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence)
• IEEE Computer Society: Artificial Intelligence
• The Guardian: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Associations
  • ÖGAI (Austrian Society for Artificial Intelligence)
  • ECCAI (European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence)
  • IJCAI (International Joint Conferencs on Artificial Intelligence - includes free access to the Artificial Intelligence journal!)
  • AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)
  • IFAAMAS (International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems)

• AIMA (Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach)
  • Comprehensive web site for [Russell&Norvig 2010]
     
• Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents
  • Web site for [Poole&Mackworth 2010]]
  • See also the AIspace entry on this webpage.
     
• Educational Software:
  • AIspace: Tools for Learning Artificial Intelligence
  • NetLogo

• Journals and Magazines
  • Artificial Intelligence Journal
  • AAAI AI Magazine
  • IEEE Intelligent Systems

  Special Issues

  • IEEE Intelligent Systems:
    • 24(4), 2009: The New Frontier of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence.
    • 22(4), 2007: Intelligent Educational Systems of the Present and Future.
    • 21(3), 2006: The future of AI.
  • AAAI AI Magazine:
    • 29(2), 2008: The AI Landscape.
    • 27(4), 2006: 50 years of Artificial Intelligence Research.
    • 27(2), 2006: Achieving Human-Level Intelligence by Integrated Systems and Research.
    • 26(4), 2006: Twenty-fifth anniversary issue.

• DARPA Grand Challenges (Wikipedia page)
  • CMU team wins the Urban Challenge 2007.
  • Stanford team wins the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005.
    PBS NOVA Coverage (including an hour-long video programme).

• Media Sites
  • AI Video Competition (AAAI, IJCAI)
  • PBS - Scientific American Frontiers
  • Charlie Rose on PBS: panel on Artificial Intelligence (2004-12-21) (25 minutes, with Rodney Brooks, Eric Horvitz, and Ron Brachman)
  • Intute (Web resources for education and research)
  • ScienceHack (validated science videos)
  • Videolectures.net
  • SciVee (alpha)

Section for Artificial Intelligence of the Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems of the Medical University of Vienna.

Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI)

Paolo Petta