VO 501.054/UE 501.096: Introduction to AI
2 SSt.=4 ECTS / 1 SSt.=1 ECTS
(WS 2015/16)

Organisational matters

News
 

2015-12-02:

• The replacement unit for the holiday on 2015-12-08 will take place on Monday, 2015-12-07, 9-11.

2015-09-23:

• Web site online.
  Please do study the important announcements on this page and report any questions or issues: by email to intro-ai-2015 (AT( ofai.at, or at the first course unit.

 

Important Announcements

• Registration for the course
  • Co-registration with MUW:
    All participants are required to co-register with the Medical University of Vienna (MUW)

    See the "Short information in English: Co-Registration" at the middle of the page, "MedUni Wien: Mitbelegung fortsetzen"

    Hard deadline: Monday, November 30.

  • Online-registration for the course is only possible after co-registration with the MUW (see previous item):

    Please use the student identification/login obtained to register for the course with Med.Campus.

  • The lecture and the exercises are two different courses, and need to be registered for separately on Med.Campus (if you should intend to take both).
• E-Mail communication regarding this course:
  • Please address all email communication regarding this course to: intro-ai-2015 (AT( ofai.at

  • All official emails related to this course will be sent to the participants' addresses stored on Med.Campus,

    typically: n<immatriculation number>@students.meduniwien.ac.at;

    this includes the credentials for access to the materials offered via this website.

    It is Your responsibility to read all such emails in a timely fashion (e.g., through setting up email forwarding from the MUW email address to your primary email address).

• Access to materials offered on this web site:

  Access information for materials published via this webpage will be sent to registered participants (see previous item).

  If you want/need to obtain access to the materials for this course but cannot (yet) register with Med.Campus, please send a personal application for permission (see above for email address information) stating:

  • Full name of applicant;
  • Affiliation of applicant;
  • Study name and ID number ("Studienkennzahl") and Student ID number ("Matrikelnummer") of applicant.

• Submission of exercises:
  • For the exercises, we will use OFAI's moodle. Details are to be explained at the first course unit, submission details are available on the moodle.
  • Timely submission of exercises is compulsory. Missing more than two exercises equates to failing the UE!

Materials

Course Log and Presentation Materials

Materials will be made available in due course.

2015-10-06: Preparatory meeting and first unit (starting 10:15)

• Location: Seminar room at IAI, Freyung 6/2 (second floor, no elevator)
  How to get to IAI
• Logistics
  • Confirmation of dates of course
  • Organisational matters
  • Overview of course modalities and content
  • This webpage
• Introduction: The orgins and scope of modern Artificial Intelligence, Approaches to defining AI, Rationality
  • Presentation Slides: PDF (1.048 MiB)
  • Background Literature:
    [McCarthy et al. 1955],
    [Moor 2006], [Brachman 2006], [Hedberg 2006],
    [Turing 2008] (commented version of Turing 1950),
    [Hayes 2012], [Levesque et al. 2012], [Levesque 2014].

 

2015-10-13: Intelligent Agents (AIMA Chapter 2)

• Debriefing of the first exercise (slides available on the OFAI Moodle)

 

2015-10-20: Intelligent Agents: Rationality, Environments

• Presentation Slides: PDF (306KiB, fixed pages with empty tables 2015-10-20 20:01)

 

2015-10-27: Task Environments; Agent Programs

• Presentation Slides:
  • see 2015-10-20
  • The Structure of Agents (PDF, 636KiB)

 

2015-11-03: Agent Programs

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-10-27

 

2015-11-10: Agent Architectures, Agent Types

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-10-27

 

2015-11-17: Agent Types

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-10-27

 

2015-11-24: Learning Agents, Representations, Problem-solving Agents

• Presentation Slides:
  • Agent Types, Representations: See 2015-10-27
  • Problem Solving and Search (PDF, 756KiB; updated 2015-11-23)

 

2015-12-01: Problem-solving Agents: Problem Types and Problem Definitions

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-11-24

 

2015-12-07: Problem Solving, Uninformed Searching

• Note: This is a replacement unit for the holiday on 2015-12-08, it takes place 9-11 hrs
• Presentation Slides: see 2015-11-24

 

2015-12-15: Problem Solving, Uninformed Searching

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-11-24

 

2015-12-22: Searching, Uninformed Search

• Presentation Slides: see 2015-11-24
• See also the Graph Searching tool offered by AIspace (link last visited 2015-12-22)

 

 

2015-12-24 ... 2016-01-06: Christmas Break

 

2016-01-12: Uninformed and Informed Search

• Presentation Slides:
  • Uninformed Search: see 2015-11-24
  • Informed Search (PDF, 117KiB)

 

 

2016-01-19: Informed Search

• Presentation Slides:
  • Informed Search: see 2016-01-12

 

2016-01-26: First Exam (10:00-12:00)

Location: Seminar Room, IAI

Written exam, no use of materials allowed (bring a permanent/non-erasable blue or black pen and your Student ID!)

Compulsory registration on Med.Campus!

 

Background Literature (local copies)

Please note that many of these works are protected by copyrights and are made available for purposes related to the present course only!
(Please see Organisational matters for how to apply for access permission).

• Brachman R.J.:
  (AA)AI - More Than The Sum of Its Parts,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):19-34, 2006.
  (PDF (412 KiB))

• Bradshaw J.M.:
  Introduction
  in: Bradshaw J.M.(ed.): Software Agents, AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, 3-46, 1997.
  (PDF (182KB))

• Braitenberg V. (1984).
  Vehicles. Cambridge MA:MIT Press, 1984.
  (PDF of selected chapters (19MB))

• Friedman B., Nissenbaum H.:
  Software Agents and User Autonomy
  Johnson W.L. (ed.) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp.466-469, ACM Press, New York, NY, 1997.
  (PDF (728KiB))

• Gat E.:
  On Three-Layer Architectures.
  in: Kortenkamp D., Bonasso R.P., Murphy R. (eds.):
  Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots, MIT/AAAI Press, 1997.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 614KB), PostScript (gzip, 615KB))

• Georgeff M., Pell B., Pollack M., Tambe M., Wooldridge M.J.:
  The Belief-Desire-Intention Model of Agency
  in: Müller J.P., Singh M.P., Rao A.S. (eds.):
  Intelligent Agents V. Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages, 5th International Workshop, ATAL'98, Paris, France, July 4-7, 1998, Proceedings, LNAI 1555, Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg, 1999.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 152KB), PostScript (157KB))

• Gerken C.:
  Braitenberg Vehicles: Networks on Wheels, Apex, NC, 1998.
  (HTML, lokale Kopie (mit ausgebesserten Verweisen), HTML als ZIP Archiv (260KB), Originalseite)

• Gilbert D., Aparicio M., Atkinson B., Brady S., Ciccarino J., Grosof B., O'Connor P., Osisek D., Pritko S., Spagna R., Wilson L.:
  The Role of Intelligent Agents in the Information Infrastructure
  Technical Report, IBM, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Hayes B.:
  The manifest destiny of Artificial Intelligence
  American Scientist, 100:282-287, 2012.
  (PDF (1009KiB))

• Hedberg S.R.:
  AAAI's National and Innovative Applications Conferences Celebrate 50 Years of AI,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):103-110, 2006.
  (PDF (436 KiB))

• Hogg D.W., Martin F., Resnick M.:
  Braitenberg Creatures,
  Epistemology and Learning Memo #13, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge MA USA, 2001.
  (PDF (376KB))

• Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.:
  Applications of Intelligent Agents
  in: Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.J. (eds.):
  Agent Technology: Foundations, Applications, and Markets,
  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1998.
  (PDF (109KiB))

• Johnson W.L.:
  Pedagogical Agent Research at CARTE,
  AI Magazine, 22(4/Winter):85-94, 2001.
  (PDF (1.3MB))

• Jordan M.I., Russell S.:
  Computational Intelligence,
  in Wilson R.A., Keil F.C. (eds.), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences,
  MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge/London, lxxiii-xc, 1999.
  (PDF (124 KB))

• Kotz D., Gray R.S.:
  Mobile Agents and the Future of the Internet
  in: ACM Operating Systems Review 33(3):7-13, August, 1999.
  (PDF (104KiB))

• Laplante P.,Hoffman R.R., Klein G.:
  Antipatterns in the creation of intelligent systems
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(1):91-95, 2007.
  (PDF (195KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007a):
  A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence.
  Technical Report IDSIA-07-07, Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Lugano and Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland, 2007.
  Published in: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 157:17-24, 2007. (PDF (120KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007b):
  Tests of Machine Intelligence
  in: M. Lungarella et al. (Eds.): 50 Years of AI, Festschrift,
  LNAI 4850, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 232-242, 2007.
  (PDF (332KB))

• Lesser V.R.:
  Reflections on the Nature of Multi-Agent Coordination and Its Implications for an Agent Architecture.
  Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1(1):89-111, 1998.
  (PDF (128KiB))

• Lester J.:
  Introduction to the Special Issue on Intelligent User Interfaces.
  AI Magazine 22(4):13-14, 2001.
  (PDF (24KB))

• Levesque H.J., Davis E., Morgenstern L.:
  The Winograd Schema Challenge.
  In: Brewka G. et al. (eds.): Principles of Knowledge RepresentaIon and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Thirteenth InternaIonal Conference, KR 2012, Rome, Italy, EU.
  AAAI Press, Palo Alto CA. pp.552-561, 2012.
  (PDF (328KB))

• Levesque J.:
  On our best behaviour.
  Artificial Intelligence 212:27-35, 2014.
  (PDF (200KB)

• Lewis M.:
  Designing for Human-Agent Interaction.
  AI Magazine 19(2):67-78, 1998.
  (PDF (92KB))

• Liebermann H., Maulsby D.:
  Instructible agents: Software that just keeps getting better
  IBM Systems Journal, 35:3&4:539-556, 1996.
  (PDF (gzip, 1MB))

• Luger G.F.:
  AI: Early History and Applications,
  in: Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving,
  6th Edition, pp.3-33, Addison-Wesley, 2008.
  (PDF (154 KB))

• Maes P.:
  Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload
  in: Communications of the ACM, 37(7):30-40,146, 1994.
  (HTML als zip Archiv (2.8MB), PDF (Originalartikel, 4.3MB))

• Marr, D.:
  Vision, W.H.Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1982 (re-issued 2010 by MIT Press).
  (PDF of Chapter 1 (3MB))

• McCarthy J., Minsky M.L., Rochester N., Shannon C.E.:
  A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):12-14, 2006.
  (PDF (196 KiB))

• Moor J.:
  The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):87-91, 2006.
  (PDF (460 KiB))

• Nilsson N.J.:
  Teleo-Reactive Programs and the Triple-Tower Architecture,
  Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5, Section B, pp. 99-110, 2001.
  http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/etai/2001/006/,
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 133KB), PostScript (gzip, 133KB), PDF (317KB))

• Nilsson N.J.:
  The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis: Status and Prospects, in:
  Lungarella M. et al. (eds.): 50 Years of AI, Festschrift, LNAI 4850, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 9-17, 2007.
  (PDF (270KiB))

• Nwana H.S.:
  Software Agents: An Overview
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 11(3):205-244, 1996.
  (PDF (156KiB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  An Introduction to Agent Technology
  BT Technology Journal 14(4):55-67, 1996.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 259KB), PostScript (gzip, 262KB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  A Perspective on Software Agents Research
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 14(2):1-18, 1999.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 344KB), PostScript (gzip, 344KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Go to the Ant": Engineering Principles from Natural Multi-Agent Systems.
  Annals of Operations Research, Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Management Science, 75:69-101, 1997.
  (PDF (159KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Agents-While-You-Wait"
  Tutorial at PAAM'99
  (Presentation slides (PDF): Tutorial Agenda (80KB), Self-Organizing Behavior: Principles of self-organizing systems (1488KB), The What and Why of Agents: Definitions and Motivations (1864KB), The How of Agents: Architectural alternatives and design decisions (1717KB))

• Pollack, M. E.
  The uses of plans.
  Artificial Intelligence, 57(1), 43-68, 1992. (PDF (238KiB))

• Pollack, J.B.
  Mindless Intelligence,
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(3):50-56, 2006.
  (PDF (1.1 MiB))

• Poole D., Mackworth A.:
  Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents,
  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne, 2010.
  (Official online HTML version of the book)

• Russell S.J., Norvig P.:
  Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2010.
  (AIMA: Web site for the text book)

• Sowa J.F.:
  Fads and fallacies about logic
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(2):84-87, 2007.
  (PDF (442KB))

• Steels L.:
  Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(3):32-38, 2006.
  (PDF (540KB))

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence
  Mind, New Series, Oxford University Press, London/Oxford/New York, 59(236):433-460, 1950.
  (PDF (712KiB), see also Turing 2008)

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence (with comments by Kenneth Ford, Clark Glymour, Pat Hayes, Stevan Harnad, Ayse Pinar Sygin).
  in: Epstein R., Roberts G., Beber G. (eds.): Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer,
  Springer Science+Business Media B.V., The Netherlands,
  Chapter 3, 23-66, 2008.
  (PDF of the chapter (852KiB),
    front matter of the book (includes foreword by Daniel Dennett), PDF (156KiB),
    see also: Turing 1950)

• Vernon D., Metta G., Sandini G. (2007)
  A Survey of Artificial Cognitive Systems - Implications For The Autonomous Development of Mental Capabilities in Computational Agents,
  IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11(2):151-180.
  (PDF (1.6 MiB))

• Wang, P.,
  What Do You Mean by "AI"?,
  in: Wang, P., Goertzel, B., Franklin S. (eds.): Artificial General Intelligence 2008,
  Proceedings of the First AGI Conference, AGI 2008, March 1-3, 2008, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 171, pp. 362-373, IOS Press, 2008.
  (PDF (85KiB))

• Weld D., Etzioni O.:
  The First Law of Robotics (a call to arms)
  Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (AAAI'94), Vol.2, 1042-1047, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 1994.
  (PDF (196KiB))

• White J.:
  Mobile Agents White Paper
  (General Magic, Inc., 1996)
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Wooldridge M., Jennings N.:
  Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice
  in: The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10(2):115-152, 1995.
  (PDF (264KiB))

• Wooldridge, M.,
  The triumph of rationality
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 27(1):60-64, 2012.
  (PDF (836KiB))

Other Relevant Web Sites

Suggestions for additions, corrections, and comments are always welcome!

• AAAI AI Topics
• arXiv.org open access: Artificial Intelligence/recent submissions
• ACM (Association for Computing Machinery):
  • SIGART (ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence)
  • ACM A.M. Turing Centenary Celebration
• IEEE Computer Society
• The Guardian: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Associations
  • ÖGAI (Austrian Society for Artificial Intelligence)
  • ECCAI (European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence)
  • IJCAI (International Joint Conferencs on Artificial Intelligence) - includes free access to:
    • IJCAI conference proceedings
    • The Artificial Intelligence journal
  • AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)
    • The AAAI Library provides free access to e.g. journal articles, conference proceedings (including the Innovative Applications of AI conference series), and symposia reports
  • IFAAMAS (International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems)
    • provides free access to AAMAS proceedings and pointers to conference websites

• AIMA (Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach)
  • Comprehensive web site for [Russell&Norvig 2010]
     
• Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents
  • Web site for [Poole&Mackworth 2010]]
  • See also the AIspace entry on this webpage.
     
• Educational Software:
  • AIspace: Tools for Learning Artificial Intelligence
  • NetLogo

• Journals and Magazines
  • Artificial Intelligence Journal
  • AAAI AI Magazine
  • IEEE Intelligent Systems

  Some special issues

  • AAAI AI Magazine:
    • 29(2), 2008: The AI Landscape.
    • 27(4), 2006: 50 years of Artificial Intelligence Research.
    • 27(2), 2006: Achieving Human-Level Intelligence by Integrated Systems and Research.
    • 26(4), 2006: Twenty-fifth anniversary issue.
  • IEEE Intelligent Systems:
    • 24(4), 2009: The New Frontier of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence.
    • 22(4), 2007: Intelligent Educational Systems of the Present and Future.
    • 21(3), 2006: The future of AI.
  • Nature News:
    • Alan Turing at 100 (Nature News Special, 2012)

• DARPA Grand Challenges (Wikipedia page)
  • KAIST's DRC-HUBO Robot wins the DARPA Robotics Challenge 2015
  • CMU team wins the Urban Challenge 2007.
  • Stanford team wins the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005.
    PBS NOVA Coverage (including an hour-long video programme).

• Media Sites
  • AI Video Competition (AAAI, IJCAI)
  • PBS - Scientific American Frontiers
  • AI Panels:
    • Charlie Rose on PBS: panel on Artificial Intelligence (2004-12-21) (25 minutes, with Rodney Brooks, Eric Horvitz, and Ron Brachman)
    • MIT150 Keynote Panel The Golden Age: A look at the original roots of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Neuroscience
  • ScienceHack (validated science videos)
  • Videolectures.net
  • SciVee

Section for Artificial Intelligence of the Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems of the Medical University of Vienna.

Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI)

Paolo Petta