VO 501.054/UE 501.096: Introduction to AI
2 SSt.=4 ECTS / 1 SSt.=1 ECTS
(WS 2018/19)

Organisational matters

News
 

2019-01-22:

• Registration for the first exam date is now open on Med.Campus.
• The content of the slide set, 04_ProblemSolving-Search.02-2018.pdf has been updated (see the explanation provided in the Changelog on the last slide of the file).

2018-12-13:

• The content of the slide set, 03_ProblemSolving-Search.02-2018.pdf has been updated (see the explanation provided in the Changelog on the last slide of the file).

2018-11-13:

• The content of the slide set, 02_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf has been updated (see the explanation provided in the Changelog on the last slide of the file).

2018-10-18:

• Kind reminder re: location: starting with the next unit, the course will take place at its regular location, in the Seminar Room of the AID, Währinger Straße 25a (ground floor, on the right).

2018-10-16:

• The content of the slide set, 01_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf has been updated (see the explanation provided next to the download link).

2018-09-10:

• Web site online:
  please do study the information on logistics on this page and report any questions or issues, by email to intro-ai-2018 (AT( ofai.at, or at the first course unit.

 

Logistics

• Registration for the course
  • (Co-)registration with MUW:
    All participants are required to be (co-)registered with the Medical University of Vienna (MUW), the hard deadline for that is: Friday, November 30, 2018.
  • Online registration for the course is only possible after (co-)registration with the MUW (cf. previous bullet): use the student identification/login obtained there to register for the course on Med.Campus (MUW).
  • The lecture and the exercises are two different courses: if you should intend to take both, and need to register for both of them on Med.Campus.
• Academic Calendars
  • This course is offered through the Medical University of Vienna (MUW): please note that the academic calendar of the MUW differs from the one of the University of Vienna: in particular, there will be a class unit on December 18, 2018!
• E-Mail communication regarding this course:
  • Please address all your e-mail communication regarding this course to: intro-ai-2018 (AT( ofai.at

  • E-mails related to this course from the MUW (and in particular from the class teacher) will be sent to your participant address as stored on Med.Campus (see above): these emails typically read:
    n<immatriculation number>@students.meduniwien.ac.at.
     

    Such communication includes in particular access credentials for materials, including those offered on this website: it is each participant's responsibility to read all such e-mails reliably, in a regular and timely fashion (possibly through setting up e-mail forwarding for one's MUW e-mail to any other "primary" address used).

• Access to materials offered on this web site:

  Access credentials for materials published via this webpage will be sent to registered participants (see previous items).

  If you want/need to apply for access to the materials for this course but cannot (yet) register with Med.Campus, please submit a personal application from your current academic email address (see above for the destination/recipient address to use) stating:

  • This subject: "Request for access credentials for intro-ai 2018"
  • Your full name;
  • Your academic affiliation (the sender address of the email should match! I.e., emails from commercial providers will not be processed);
  • The name and ID number of your study ("Studienkennzahl");
  • Your Student ID number ("Matrikelnummer").

• Notes on the Exercises:
  • For the exercises (UE), we will use OFAI's moodle. Details are to be explained at the first course unit (and are also available on the moodle itself).
  • Timely submission and presence at the debriefing units of exercises is compulsory: Missing more than two exercises equates to failing the UE. All absences need to be communicated/explained by email (preferably in advance).

Materials

Course Log and Presentation Materials

(published/updated during the course)

2018-10-02: Preparatory meeting (10:00) and first lecture unit (11:00)

• Location: Seminar room at OFAI 1, Freyung 6, Stiege 6, third floor (no elevator!)
  (the regular course location = the seminar room of the AID will be available only from October 24)
• Logistics
  • Confirmation of dates/times of course
  • Organisational matters
  • Overview of course modalities and content
  • This webpage
• Introduction: The orgins and scope of modern Artificial Intelligence; Approaches to defining AI; Intelligence vs. Rationality
• Presentation Material:
  • Logistics (PDF, 71 KiB)
  • Introduction (PDF, 1.4 MiB)
• Background Literature:
  [McCarthy et al. 1955],
  [Moor 2006], [Brachman 2006], [Hedberg 2006],
  [Turing 2008] (commented version of Turing 1950),
  [Kline 2011], [Hayes 2012], [Levesque et al. 2012], [Levesque 2014], [Schoenick et al. 2017].

 

2018-10-09: Intelligent Agents (AIMA Chapter 2)

• Presentation Slides:
  • 01_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf (PDF, 230KiB), (v2, updated 2018-10-16: content of PEAS example slides ("grids") is now visible, apologies)
  • Mathematical Function (quick recap) (PDF, 138KiB)

 

2018-10-16: Intelligent Agents: Rationality, Environments

• Presentation Slides:
  • 01_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf: see 2018-10-09 (v2, updated 2018-10-16)

 

2018-10-23: Task Environments; Agent Programs

• Presentation Slides:
  • 01_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf: see 2018-10-09 (v2, updated 2018-10-16)

 

2018-10-30: Agent Programs

• Presentation Slides:
  • 01_IntelligentAgents.02-2018.pdf: see 2018-10-09
  • 02_AgentStructure.02-2018.pdf (PDF, 646KiB) (v2, updated 2018-11-13)

 

2018-11-07: Agent Programs, Agent Types

 

2018-11-13: Agent Types, Learning Agents

 

2018-11-20: Agent Types, Representations; Problem-solving Agents: Problem Types and Problem Definitions

• Presentation Slides:
  • 03_ProblemSolving-Search.02-2018.pdf (PDF, 760KiB), (v2, updated 2018-12-13)

 

2018-11-27: Problem Formulation

 

2018-12-04: Problem Solving, Uninformed Search

 

2018-12-11: Uninformed Search

 

2018-12-18: Uninformed and Informed Search

• Presentation Slides:
  • 04_InformedSearch.02-2018.pdf (PDF, 135KiB), (v2, updated 2019-01-22)

 

2018-12-24 … 2019-01-06: Christmas Break

 

…

 

2019-01-08: Uninformed Search recap & Informed Search

• Presentation Slides:
  • Informed Search: see 2018-12-18

 

2019-01-15: Informed Search and Heuristics

 

 

2019-01-22: A* Search, Heuristic Dominance, Relaxed Problems for Heuristics

• Presentation Slides:
  • Informed Search: updated slides: see 2018-12-18

 

2019-01-29: First Exam (10:00-12:00)

Location: Seminar Room, AID

• Written exam, no use of materials allowed (also: no beverages, etc.).
• Do not forget to bring:
  1. A permanent/non-erasable blue or black pen;
  2. Your Student ID.

 

Background Literature (local copies)

Please note that many of these works are protected by copyrights and are made available for purposes related to the present course only!

The list is meant to provide a (highly incomplete) impression of the variety of topics that have been addressed in the field; it will be continously updated according to the discussions unfolding in this year's edition of the course.

(Please see Organisational matters for how to apply for access permission).

• Agre P.:
  Computation and Embodied Agency
  Informatica, special issue: Mind < > Computer: Were Dreyfus and Winograd right?, Gams M. et al. (eds.), 19(4):527-535:1995.
  (HTML)

• Agre P.:
  Computational Research on Interaction and Agency
  Artifcial Intelligence 72(1-2):1-52, 1995.
  (HTML)

• Brachman R.J.:
  (AA)AI - More Than The Sum of Its Parts,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):19-34, 2006.
  (PDF (412 KiB))

• Bradshaw J.M.:
  Introduction
  in: Bradshaw J.M.(ed.): Software Agents, AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, 3-46, 1997.
  (PDF (182KB))

• Braitenberg V. (1984).
  Vehicles. Cambridge MA:MIT Press, 1984.
  (PDF of selected chapters (19MB))

• Eaton E., Dietterich T., Gini M.L., Grosz B.J., Isbell C.L., Kambhampati S., Littman M.L., Rossi F., Russell S.J., Stone P., Walsh T., Wooldridge M.:,
  Who speaks for AI?,
  AI Matters, 2(2):4-14, 2015.
  (doi:10.1145/2847557.2847559)
  (PDF (6MB))

• Gat E.:
  On Three-Layer Architectures.
  in: Kortenkamp D., Bonasso R.P., Murphy R. (eds.):
  Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots, MIT/AAAI Press, 1997.,
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 614KB), PostScript (gzip, 615KB))

• Georgeff M., Pell B., Pollack M., Tambe M., Wooldridge M.J.:
  The Belief-Desire-Intention Model of Agency
  in: Müller J.P., Singh M.P., Rao A.S. (eds.):
  Intelligent Agents V. Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages, 5th International Workshop, ATAL'98, Paris, France, July 4-7, 1998, Proceedings, LNAI 1555, pp.1-10, Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg, 1999.
  (PDF (95KiB))

• Gilbert D., Aparicio M., Atkinson B., Brady S., Ciccarino J., Grosof B., O'Connor P., Osisek D., Pritko S., Spagna R., Wilson L.:
  The Role of Intelligent Agents in the Information Infrastructure
  Technical Report, IBM, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Hayes B.:
  The manifest destiny of Artificial Intelligence,
  American Scientist, 100:282-287, 2012.
  (PDF (1009KiB))

• Hedberg S.R.:
  AAAI's National and Innovative Applications Conferences Celebrate 50 Years of AI,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):103-110, 2006.
  (PDF (436 KiB))

• Hogg D.W., Martin F., Resnick M.:
  Braitenberg Creatures,
  Epistemology and Learning Memo #13, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge MA USA, 2001.
  (PDF (376KB))

• Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.:
  Applications of Intelligent Agents
  in: Jennings N.R., Wooldridge M.J. (eds.):
  Agent Technology: Foundations, Applications, and Markets,
  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1998.
  (PDF (109KiB))

• Johnson W.L.:
  Pedagogical Agent Research at CARTE,,
  AI Magazine, 22(4/Winter):85-94, 2001.
  (PDF (1.3MB))

• Jordan M.I., Russell S.:
  Computational Intelligence,,
  in Wilson R.A., Keil F.C. (eds.), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences,
  MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge/London, lxxiii-xc, 1999.
  (PDF (124 KB))

• Kline, Ronald R.:
  Cybernetics, Automata Studies, and the Dartmouth Conference on Artificial Intelligence
  IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 33(4):5-16, 2011.
  (PDF (672KiB))

• Kotz D., Gray R.S.:
  Mobile Agents and the Future of the Internet
  ACM Operating Systems Review 33(3):7-13, August, 1999.
  (PDF (104KiB))

• Laplante P.,Hoffman R.R., Klein G.:
  Antipatterns in the creation of intelligent systems
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(1):91-95, 2007.
  (PDF (195KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007a):
  A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence.
  Technical Report IDSIA-07-07, Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Lugano and Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland, 2007.
  Published in: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 157:17-24, 2007. (PDF (120KB))

• Legg S., Hutter M. (2007b):
  Tests of Machine Intelligence
  in: M. Lungarella et al. (Eds.): 50 Years of AI, Festschrift,
  LNAI 4850, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 232-242, 2007.
  (PDF (332KB))

• Lesser V.R.:
  Reflections on the Nature of Multi-Agent Coordination and Its Implications for an Agent Architecture.
  Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1(1):89-111, 1998.
  (PDF (128KiB))

• Lester J.:
  Introduction to the Special Issue on Intelligent User Interfaces.
  AI Magazine 22(4):13-14, 2001.
  (PDF (24KB))

• Levesque H.J., Davis E., Morgenstern L.:
  The Winograd Schema Challenge.
  In: Brewka G. et al. (eds.): Principles of Knowledge RepresentaIon and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Thirteenth InternaIonal Conference, KR 2012, Rome, Italy, EU.
  AAAI Press, Palo Alto CA. pp.552-561, 2012.
  (PDF (328KB))

• Levesque J.:
  On our best behaviour.
  Artificial Intelligence 212:27-35, 2014.
  (PDF (200KB)

• Lewis M.:
  Designing for Human-Agent Interaction.
  AI Magazine 19(2):67-78, 1998.
  (PDF (92KB))

• Liebermann H., Maulsby D.:
  Instructible agents: Software that just keeps getting better
  IBM Systems Journal, 35:3&4:539-556, 1996.
  (PDF (gzip, 1MB))

• Luger G.F.:
  AI: Early History and Applications,
  in: Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving,
  6th Edition, pp.3-33, Addison-Wesley, 2008.
  (PDF (154 KB))

• Maes P.:
  Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload
  in: Communications of the ACM, 37(7):30-40,146, 1994.
  (HTML als zip Archiv (2.8MB), PDF (Originalartikel, 4.3MB))

• Marr, D.:
  Vision, W.H.Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1982 (re-issued 2010 by MIT Press).
  (PDF of Chapter 1 (3MB))

• McCarthy J., Minsky M.L., Rochester N., Shannon C.E.:
  A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence,,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):12-14, 2006.
  (PDF (196 KiB))

• Moor J.:
  The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years,,
  AI Magazine, Fifty years of Artificial Intelligence research, 27(4):87-91, 2006.
  (PDF (460 KiB))

• Nilsson N.J.:
  Teleo-Reactive Programs and the Triple-Tower Architecture,
  Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5, Section B, pp. 99-110, 2001.
  http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/etai/2001/006/,
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 133KB), PostScript (gzip, 133KB), PDF (317KB))

• Nilsson N.J.:
  The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis: Status and Prospects, in:
  Lungarella M. et al. (eds.): 50 Years of AI, Festschrift, LNAI 4850, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 9-17, 2007.
  (PDF (270KiB))

• Nwana H.S.:
  Software Agents: An Overview
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 11(3):205-244, 1996.
  (PDF (156KiB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  An Introduction to Agent Technology
  BT Technology Journal 14(4):55-67, 1996.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 259KB), PostScript (gzip, 262KB))

• Nwana H., Ndumu D.T.:
  A Perspective on Software Agents Research
  The Knowledge Engineering Review 14(2):1-18, 1999.
  (PostScript (zip Archiv, 344KB), PostScript (gzip, 344KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Go to the Ant": Engineering Principles from Natural Multi-Agent Systems.
  Annals of Operations Research, Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Management Science, 75:69-101, 1997.
  (PDF (159KB))

• Parunak H.V.D.:
  "Agents-While-You-Wait"
  Tutorial at PAAM'99
  (Presentation slides (PDF): Tutorial Agenda (80KB), Self-Organizing Behavior: Principles of self-organizing systems (1488KB), The What and Why of Agents: Definitions and Motivations (1864KB), The How of Agents: Architectural alternatives and design decisions (1717KB))

• Pollack, M.E.:
  The uses of plans.
  Artificial Intelligence, 57(1), 43-68, 1992. (PDF (238KiB))

• Pollack, J.B.:
  Mindless Intelligence,
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(3):50-56, 2006.
  (PDF (1.1 MiB))

• Poole D., Mackworth A.:
  Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents, second edition
  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne, 2017.
  (Official free online HTML version of the book)

• Russell S.J., Norvig P.:
  Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, Third Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2010.
  (AIMA: Web site for the text book)

• Schoenick, C., Clark, P., Tafjord, O., Turney, P., Etzioni, O.:
  Moving Beyond the Turing Test with the Allen AI Science Challenge.
  Communications of the ACM, 60(9):60-64, 2017.
  (PDF (3.4MiB))

• Sowa J.F.:
  Fads and fallacies about logic
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(2):84-87, 2007.
  (PDF (442KB))

• Steels L.:
  Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(3):32-38, 2006.
  (PDF (540KB))

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence
  Mind, New Series, Oxford University Press, London/Oxford/New York, 59(236):433-460, 1950.
  (PDF (712KiB), see also Turing 2008)

• Turing A.M.:
  Computing Machinery and Intelligence (with comments by Kenneth Ford, Clark Glymour, Pat Hayes, Stevan Harnad, Ayse Pinar Sygin).
  in: Epstein R., Roberts G., Beber G. (eds.): Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer,
  Springer Science+Business Media B.V., The Netherlands,
  Chapter 3, 23-66, 2008.
  (PDF of the chapter (852KiB),
    front matter of the book (includes foreword by Daniel Dennett), PDF (156KiB),
    see also: Turing 1950)

• Vernon D., Metta G., Sandini G. (2007)
  A Survey of Artificial Cognitive Systems - Implications For The Autonomous Development of Mental Capabilities in Computational Agents,
  IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11(2):151-180.
  (PDF (1.6 MiB))

• Wang, P.,
  What Do You Mean by "AI"?,
  in: Wang, P., Goertzel, B., Franklin S. (eds.): Artificial General Intelligence 2008,
  Proceedings of the First AGI Conference, AGI 2008, March 1-3, 2008, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 171, pp. 362-373, IOS Press, 2008.
  (PDF (85KiB))

• Weld D., Etzioni O.:
  The First Law of Robotics (a call to arms)
  Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (AAAI'94), Vol.2, 1042-1047, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 1994.
  (PDF (196KiB))

• White J.:
  Mobile Agents White Paper
  (General Magic, Inc., 1996)
  (HTML als zip Archiv)

• Wooldridge M., Jennings N.:
  Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice
  in: The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10(2):115-152, 1995.
  (PDF (264KiB))

• Wooldridge, M.,
  The triumph of rationality
  IEEE Intelligent Systems 27(1):60-64, 2012.
  (PDF (836KiB))

Other Relevant Web Sites

Suggestions for additions, corrections, and comments are always welcome!

• Ethics
  • ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Adopted by ACM Council 2018-06-22
  • Center for Human-Compatible AI (UC Berkeley)
  • Partnership on AI to benefit people and society
  • Future of Humanity Institute (University of Oxford): search results for: Artificial intelligence

• The Artificial Intelligence Index
• One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100), Stanford University

• AAAI AI Topics
• arXiv.org open access: Artificial Intelligence/recent submissions
• ACM (Association for Computing Machinery):
  • SIGART (ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence)
  • ACM A.M. Turing Centenary Celebration
• Commonsense Reasoning (Organisation)
• IEEE Computer Society
• The Guardian: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Associations, Organisations
  • EurAI (European Association for Artificial Intelligence, formerly ECCAI: European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence)
  • IJCAI (International Joint Conferencs on Artificial Intelligence) - includes free access to:
    • IJCAI conference proceedings
    • The Artificial Intelligence journal
  • AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)
    • The AAAI Library provides free access to e.g. journal articles, conference proceedings (including the Innovative Applications of AI conference series), and symposia reports
  • IFAAMAS (International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems)
    • Provides free access to AAMAS proceedings and pointers to conference websites
  • CLAIRE (Confederation of Laboratories for Artificial Intelligence Research in Europe)

• AIMA (Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach)
  • Comprehensive web site for [Russell&Norvig 2010]
     
• Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents
  • Web site for [Poole&Mackworth 2017]
  • See also the AIspace entry on this webpage.
     
• Educational Software:
  • AIspace: Tools for Learning Artificial Intelligence
  • NetLogo

• Journals and Magazines
  • Artificial Intelligence Journal
  • AAAI AI Magazine
  • IEEE Intelligent Systems
  • AI&Society (Springer)
  • KI-Künstliche Intelligenz (Springer, coverage of the German(-tongue) AI landscape; large majority of articles in English)

  Some special issues (meant to wet your appetite: find out about more recent issues!)

  • AAAI AI Magazine:
    • 29(2), 2008: The AI Landscape.
    • 27(4), 2006: 50 years of Artificial Intelligence Research.
    • 27(2), 2006: Achieving Human-Level Intelligence by Integrated Systems and Research.
    • 26(4), 2006: Twenty-fifth anniversary issue.
  • IEEE Intelligent Systems:
    • 24(4), 2009: The New Frontier of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence.
    • 22(4), 2007: Intelligent Educational Systems of the Present and Future.
    • 21(3), 2006: The future of AI.
  • Nature News:
    • Alan Turing at 100 (Nature News Special, 2012)

• DARPA Grand Challenges (Wikipedia page)
  • KAIST's DRC-HUBO Robot wins the DARPA Robotics Challenge 2015
  • CMU team wins the Urban Challenge 2007.
  • Stanford team wins the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005.
    PBS NOVA Coverage (including an hour-long video programme).

• Media Sites
  • Video Competitions (search for the yearly editions), e.g:
    • Winners of the IJCAI-ECAI-18 Video Competition
    • Winners of the AAAI conferences video competitions
  • AI Panels:
    • Charlie Rose on PBS: panel on Artificial Intelligence (2004-12-21) (25 minutes, with Rodney Brooks, Eric Horvitz, and Ron Brachman)
    • MIT150 Keynote Panel The Golden Age: A look at the original roots of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Neuroscience

Section for Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support (AID) of the Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS) of the Medical University of Vienna.

Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI)

Paolo Petta